ABSTRACT
This study was critically evaluated the livelihood of one of the Bangladesh ethnic tribal communities, the Sawtals and others tribal peoples. Being the minority, the Sawtals faces some challenges to adjust to social, economic and natural changes that came in their way during the last three hundred years. For the study Sawtal and others tribal communities a research was conducted Sirajganj district Sadar upzilla in 2018-19 fiscal year. This study aims was to find the impacts on the livelihood pattern of the Sawtals due to the depletion of the common pool resources and how they were coping with this situation. This study identifies that pragmatic and comprehensive arrangement for the Sawtals was necessary so that they can continue living by preserving their ethnicity and cultural diversity. Ensure food security, improved nutritional status and reduced the poverty of Sawtal and others tribal families through boosting agricultural production and improved income generating opportunities at the household levels.
Key words: Brind, livelihood opportunities, nutritional status, boosting agricultural production.
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An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of salinity and three varieties of capsicum on their growth and yield under poly house condition at Horticulture farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from November, 2023 to March, 2024. The experiment consisted of four level of salinity viz., S0: 0 ds/m (control), S1: 4 ds/m, S2: 8 ds/m and S3: 12 ds/m and three capsicum varieties viz., V1: BARI Capsicum-1, V2: BARI Capscum-2 and V3: Sweet Beauty F1. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The growth and yield parameters of capsicum were significantly influenced by salinity levels while the varietal difference was not significant on most of the growth parameters except for yield parameters where significant variation among varieties was observed. Different salinity levels showed significant effects on growth and yield parameters of capsicum. Growth parameters and yield of capsicum decreased with the increase of salinity levels. The control treatment S0 (0 dS/m) gave the highest capsicum yield (294.51 g per plant and 8.84 ton/ha) followed by S1 (3 dS/m) treatment, which provided 203.08 g per plant and 6.10 ton/ha yield; whereas S3 (12 dS/m) treatment produced lowest yield (85.74 g per plant and 2.57 ton/ha). The variety Sweet Beauty F1 was found superior to BARI Capsicum-1 and BARI Capsicum-2 in case of yield parameter. Sweet Beauty F1 produced highest yield of 231.34 g per plant and 6.94 ton/ha respectively, while the lowest yield was obtained from BARI Capsicum-2 which was 161.15g per plant and 4.83 ton/ha. Treatment combination of S0 (0 ds/m) with V3 (Sweet Beauty F1) produced higher yield (374.73 g per plant and 11.24 ton/ha) followed by treatment combinations of S0 (0 ds/m) with V1 (BARI Capsicum-1) with 260.34 g per plant and 7.81 ton/ha. While the lowest yield (81.76 g per plant and 2.45 ton/ha) was obtained from treatment combinations of S3 (12 ds/m) and V2 (BARI Capsicum-2).
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An experiment was conducted at Jute Agriculture Experimental Station, Jagir, Manikganj to evaluate morphological, phenological, reproductive, and seed quality traits of four jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) varieties (i.e., BJRI deshipat shak1, BJRI deshipat shak2, BJRI deshipat shak3 and BINA pat shak1) grown as leafy vegetables. Significant varietal differences were observed in growth and yield attributes. BINA pat shak1 produced the highest leaf biomass followed by BJRI deshipat shak1, while BJRI deshipat shak3 showed superior plant height, seed yield and quality. On the other hand, minimum seed to seed duration was found at BJRI deshipat shak2 followed by BJRI deshipat shak3. BJRI deshipat shak1 exhibited strong vegetative growth. Overall, BJRI deshipat shak3 was identified as the most promising dual-purpose variety, suitable for both leafy vegetable and seed production.
Key words: Jute, phenology, jute leaf, seed yield and quality
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Plants are susceptible to different types of environmental pest including pathogens, insects and mites, which cause colossal financial shortfalls (pre- and post-harvest) and threaten global crop production. Yellow mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus [Banks] (Acari: Tarsonemidae) is one of the major pests of jute crops in Bangladesh, and pest of diverse crops in tropical and subtropical regions. Yellow mites attack, causing significant economic losses, especially fiber, stick and seed yield loss may be 50 to 74%, 37- 57%, and 22-48%, respectively (Kamruzzaman, A. S. M. M., et al, 2013). In conventional jute breeding, it takes approximately a decade to pyramid multiple resistance genes into a jute variety via crossing and backcrossing, while the high pest variability in jute often leads to the rapid break down of resistant cultivars. Thus, application of genome editing for the development of broad-spectrum host resistance has been suggested as an effective approach for breeding varieties resistant to yellow mite. In the present study, for the development of yellow mite resistant jute variety via CRISPR/Cas9, we predict that modification and/or transcriptional activation of Jasmonic acid (JA) pathway candidate gene CoAOC. This system will initiate the upstream and downstream signaling processes network, leading to increased accumulation of associated Jasmonic acid (JA) and thereby host (jute) systemic resistance against yellow mite would be induced.
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Chilli Pepper is the most important vegetable and widely consumed spice around the world. For genetic transformation or genome editing it is very important and prerequisite to establish an in vitro regeneration protocol. Callus formation is the essential step for regeneration. Pepper is highly recalcitrant plant. The present study was conducted to observe the high-quality callus induction from the leaf explant of hot pepper cultivar BARI Morich-2 under different hormonal concentration of auxin and cytokinin. Leaf from 10 -15 days grown in vitro grown seedlings was cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (1.5 mg/l) and different combinations of BAP (0.2 mg/l, 0.4 mg/l and 0.6mg/l) or Zeatin (0.2 mg/l, 0.4 mg/l and 0.6mg/l). All combinations of phytohormones showed callus induction with variations of appearance and frequency.The leaf explants cultured on MS medium with 30% sucrose and 0.6 mg/l BAP + 1 .5mg/l 2,4-D were produced friable greenish calli and healthy protoplast from the calli were successfully isolated. Our findings speculated that leaf grown calli can be subjected to regenerate whole plant, genetic transformation, transient expression of gene of interest and application of genome editing tools.
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Microbes having pectinolytic and xylanolytic without cellulolytic activity, are considered efficient retting microbes. Pectin of jute and mesta is highly methyl esterified and its degradation requires the combined action of a group of pectin degrading enzymes, poly-galacturonase and pectin/pectate lyase. Pectate lyase gene, pel-1 from pectinolytic bacteria has potentiality to break the pectin-based compound of jute that is the key function required during retting process. Pectinolytic bacteria harbor this gene naturally and ensure the lysis of pectin. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein (Cas) systems have revolutionized genome editing and greatly promoted the development of biotechnology. Modification and/or transcriptional activation of pectate lyase gene Pel1 by CRISPR/Cas9 to increase accumulation of pectin degrading enzymes, leading to initiate the pectin degradation activity and thereby contribute to their specialized pectinolytic function during the retting process. The variations in the pectate lyase genes possibly contribute to their specialized pectinolytic function during the retting process. In this study, our aim is to improve pectinolytic efficiency of bacteria through genome editing (CRISPR/Cas9) of Pectate lyase gene (Pel-1).
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