Detection of physicochemical properties and ionic composition of groundwater regarding the suitability for irrigation purposes in Sadar upazila of Tangail district

This study was conducted in mid-January 2023 to evaluate the physicochemical properties of groundwater in five unions of Tangail Sadar Upazila. The study explored that water temperature were ranged between 19.30-22.10°C, while pH values (6.63-6.80) indicated neutral conditions. The EC, TDS, Na, Mg, K and Ca were within acceptable ranges. Moreover, Fe, Mn and Cl⁻ levels met safety standards. The CO₃^—, HCO₃^–, PO₄^— and SO₄^— concentrations remained also within permissible limits. Total hardness (TH) indicated that the water was moderately hard, but still suitable for irrigation. However, ionic content analysis showed that groundwater in the study area is safe for irrigation without adverse effects on soil. The Soluble Sodium Percent (SSP) ranged from 12.20% to 27.10%, averaging 16.89%, classifying the water as excellent for irrigation (SSP<20). Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values ranged from 0.261 to 0.766 me/L, averaging 0.448 me/L, also falling within the excellent category (SAR<10). The average Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) value was -2.551me/L, indicating suitability (RSC<1.25). Kelley’s Ratio (0.165 me/L) and the Permeability Index (33.85%) further revealed that the groundwater’s good quality for irrigation purposes. Overall, all groundwater samples analyzed in this study were deemed suitable for irrigation based on various quality indices. This finding will enhance the understanding of groundwater hydrochemistry and contribute to sustainable agricultural practices and effective water management in the Tangail region of Bangladesh

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