Sources, problems, health hazards and management of dust contaminations at Dhaka metropolitan city

ABSTRACT

A research on evaluation of dust/clay colloids (diameter size 0.002/0.0002mm) i.e. PM 2.5 (less tha 2.5 m size diameter) contaminations to air were investigated where major sources of dusts/clays from soils of various categories were reported. Such dust/clay colloids contaminations occurred by CO2, CO, SO2, SOx, N2O, NOx, heavy metals like Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Hg, Co, etc move in air although soil has 16-24 heavy metals contaminants with various concentrations. Again, Coal-fired power plants carry lots of heavy metals like Zn, Se, Cd, Ni, Pb, Hg, Cr, V, Br, As, Ur, Ti, CO2, CH4, NOx although most N2O, N, NOx etc. come from N-fertilizers. Such minor to major polluted/contaminated dust/dust colloids in air move/enter the human body as toxic/contaminated air and acts as slow poison and producing minor to major diseases including cancer. Here dusts related diseases (more than 20) are listed. Again, dust sources, contaminations and health hazards were also compared between developed countries and Bangladesh. Air is not fresh one at Dhaka i.e. air at Dhaka city means dust/dust colloid contaminated air. The satellite observation of PM 2.5 or more may or may not be severely contaminated until lab. analysis and detections covering of various heavy metals, widely used pesticide residues/contaminants and other pollutants in air although black dust/fume dusts carry huge contaminants. Finally, wide suggestions and recommendation are applied against dust contaminations in air. The entire study, observations, measurement guidelines are well analysed through five tables (Tables 1-5) and five figures (Figs. 1-5) and they are summarized and presented as schematic model in Fig. 1.

Key words: Dusts, dust colloids, clay colloids, contaminations, problems, health hazards, sources of dust contaminations, comparisons, heavy metals, suggestion/guidelines.

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Establishment of universal schematic models on missions and visions covering on quality education and research at university/higher educational institutes of the global village

ABSTRACT

For better survival and long life, man requires pollution-free safe, sound and peaceful healthy planet where responsibilities cover saving of pollution-free soil, air, water, crops and food materials including proper awareness to every aspect of life (Fig. 1–2). After best survival in healthy planet man requires for building of better career where university/higher educational institutes with quality missions and vissions are important. The aims or missions of the university/higher educatinal institutes covers/includes to develop quality students/graduates, quality teachers/academicians, researchers and scientists and quality administrators. Behind quality graduates, teachers/scientists and administrators there are lots of supporting materials and each has its own area and guideline. The final vision of the university/institute to build/establish as a Centre of Excellence (Fig. 1). This is the universal guideline and concept, and there is no shortcut or alternative methods/techniques to recognize a university as Centre of Excellence. Here all techniques/methodologies and guidelines are evaluated and established under 12 schematic models (Fig. 1-12), where Fig. 2 covered on saving of planets and Fig. 13 used as an example of university for the coming decade of 2021-2029.

Keywords: Students, graduates, teachers, professors, models, research, centre of excellence, university, higher educational institutes, mission, and vision.

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Assessing the impacts of resent climatic situations on agricultural production in the south-western coastal Bagerhat district of Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

The study was carried out in the South-western coastal Bagerhat district of Bangladesh to know the scenario of climatic pattern and its effects on crop production. Twenty ninety years (1991-2019) data of different climatic parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed and total sunshine were analyzed for the study. The ten years crop related data were also collected in annual basis from the year of 2010 to 2019 in respect of annual crops production. The investigation explored that the maximum air reached above 40.500C at 2016 and the increasing trend are very prominent. The maximum air temperature ranged as 36.40-40.500C within 29 years of period. In case of minimum temperature the prominent fluctuations was also observed within the range of 7.20-11.500C. Overall average 1% temperature is being increased by each 10 years. The average values lied within 25-260C, but the upward trend for the maximum temperature and downward trend for minimum temperature make the situation more extreme in coastal Bagerhat district. Average relative humidity (RH) fluctuated in downward trends and lied within the values 79-81 except the year 2004-2006 (83%). The highest rainfall was 6816.08 mm in 2011. The line diagram proved the increasing trend of total annual rainfall, but the level is minimal. As like as RH and rainfall, the wind speed was drastically decreased during the study period. The total sunshine hour decreased up to 10% within the study period, while the highest sun shine hour (2589.80 hr) was recorded in 2002. On the other hand the lowest sun shine hour (1924.30 hr) was found in 2015. The study also stated that agriculture is under challenges due to changing climate in coastal Bagerhat district. The total production is 439578 M.ton against the demand amount of 331170 M.ton. The production of rice, jute, potato and mustard are being increased but there is vast scope for more cultivation of wheat and B. aman rice. The yearly average B. aman production is only 125 M.ton against the total rice production (21645 M.ton) in Bagerhat district.

Key words: Climatic situation, agricultural production, coastal Bagerhat district.

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Cost benefit and break-even analysis of tossa and kenaf fibre crop cultivation at farm levels in Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

 

This study was conducted during 2021 at four locations namely Rangpur, Satkhira, Narail and Jashore with tossa and at two locations namely Rangpur and Kishoreganj for kenaf. Twenty five farmers were selected in each location for tossa and thirty farmers for kenaf. Six Focus Group Discussions were also conducted in the study areas. Descriptive statistics, cost benefit and break-even analysis were used for data analysis. Seed was a significant cost factor, contributing for 6.77% of the total cost in kenaf, while tossa jute accounted for only 1.15%. The highest yield of tossa fibre was recorded 3458 kgha-1 in Jashore followed by Narail (3175 kgha-1) and the lowest was in Rangpur (2161 kgha-1). The average benefit cost ratio was found 1.78, 2.20 and 2.90 on total cost, total variable cost and total cash cost basis, respectively. In case of kenaf, the average benefit cost ratio was found 1.87, 2.36 and 3.01 on total cost, total variable cost and total cash cost basis, respectively. In kenaf, the average break-even price was 44 Tk.kg-1, which was higher than tossa jute (39.36 Tk.kg-1). The higher average break-even quantity was noted in tossa jute (1960 kgha-1) as compared to kenaf (1399 kgha-1).

Key words: Tossa jute, kenaf, benefit cost ratio, break-even point.

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Routine monitoring of water quality parameters from the coastal Tetulia river of Bhola district in Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted to investigate the seasonal variation of water quality parameters of Tetulia River in Bhola, Bangladesh during the period from February 2019 to January 2020. The water samples were collected from five different sampling stations (ST-1: Bazar Khola, ST-2: Santirhat, ST-3: Bagmara, ST-4: Nayachar and ST-5: Kheyaghat) in pre-monsoon (Feb. to May), monsoon (Jun. to Sep.) and post-monsoon (Oct. to Jan.) season  to analyze the water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total dissolve solid (TDS). Results showed that temperature, pH, EC, DO, BOD and TDS were ranged from 28.8 to 29.2, 27.4 to 28.5, and 24.2 to 26.8ºC; 6.3 to 6.76, 7.21 to 7.79, and 6.1 to 7.3; 162 to 174, 140 to 150, and 250 to 268µs/cm; 5.7 to 6.0, 7.1 to 7.6, and 6.0 to 6.8 mg/L; 2.5 to 2.8, 2.1 to 2.7, and 1.9 to 2.4 mg/L and 93 to 115, 71 to 80 and 130 to 140 mg/L; in the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon season, respectively. The study also revealed that except BOD all explored parameters of coastal surface water were within the standard level and suitable for fisheries as well as aquatic species. However, according to the NSF method, the Tetulia River’s water quality was found to be in the medium cluster during the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, whereas bad category was found during the pre-monsoon season for all of the investigated stations.

Key words: Seasonal change, water quality, water quality indices, Tetulia River

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Effect of bioslurry and chemical fertilizer on the yield, quality and nutrient uptake of onion

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted with a view to evaluating the effect of bioslurry and chemical fertilizers on the growth, yield, quality and nutrient uptake of onion at Central Research Farm, BARI, Gazipur during rabi seasons of 2018-19 to 2019-20. The tested crop was BARI Piaj-1.  There were eleven treatments viz. T1: Native fertility, T2: 75% Soil Test Based (STB) chemical fertilizers, T3: 75% STB + 3 t ha-1 Poultry Manure (PM), T4: 75% STB + 3 t ha-1 PM slurry, T5: 75% STB + 5 t ha-1 Cowdung (CD), T6: 75% STB + 5 t ha-1 CD slurry, T7: 100% STB, T8: 100% STB + 3 t ha-1 PM, T9: 100% STB + 3 t ha-1 PM slurry, T10: 100% STB +    5 t ha-1 CD, T11: 100% STB + 5 t ha-1 CD slurry. The experiment was laid out in RCB design with three replications. The highest yield of onion (12.82 t ha-1 in 2018-2019 and 14.19 t ha-1 in 2019-2020) was obtained from T9 treatment (100% STB chemical fertilizers + 3 t PM slurry ha-1). The lowest yield of onion (5.51 t ha-1 in 2018-2019 and 6.16 t ha-1 in 2019-2020) was noted in native fertility treatment (T1). Total Soluble Solid (%TSS) content of onion bulb (17.15% in 2018-2019 and 17.56% in 2019-2020) was recorded higher also in T9 treatment. The uptake of nutrients by onion was also highest in the treatment             T9 followed by T11. The highest gross return (2,70,200 Tk ha-1yr-1), gross margin (1,39,583 Tk ha-1yr-1) and marginal value product (1,53,400 Tk ha-1yr-1) were obtained from T9 treatment. Integrated using of bioslurry and chemical fertilizer showed better results in all yield parameters, yield, quality and nutrient uptake by onion. These also help to improve soil fertility of onion growing field.

Key words: Onion, bioslurry, quality, nutrient uptake, growth, yield, economics

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